Border collies in a field
Dog

Should I Breed? What to Consider Before Breeding Dogs

Contemplating becoming a dog breeder? Informed dog breeding can be incredibly rewarding, but is not for the faint of heart. In this article we review some of the key considerations, including health, temperament and soundness...
DNA nucleic acid markers in a test tube
Disorder

Direct vs. Linked Marker Tests

Not all genetic tests use the same kind of DNA marker tests. Some directly measure the causative mutation, some don’t. Some use AI or machine learning, some are traditionally determined. Read on to learn about...
Collage of Golden Retriever Photographs
Diversity

Understanding Diversity Results and Why Diversity Matters

Genetic diversity in dogs has direct implications for health, longevity and fertility, and each breed has a history of selective breeding evident in their DNA. Learn why diversity should be considered in all breeding programs,...
Understanding Dog Color Genetics
Dog

Understanding Dog Color Genetics

Color traits in dogs are complicated. Learn the basics of color genetics in dogs, including Agouti, Extension, Dominant Black, Parti Coloring, Chocolate and Dilution.
Interpreting Disorder Results & What to Do with Carriers
Disorder

Interpreting Disorder Results & What to Do with Carriers

Learn how to correctly interpret disorder findings for your dog, and what to know if you receive a carrier or ‘at risk’ result 
German shepherd in graduate hat and glasses
Disorder

Genetics 101: Genetic Terms and Basic Concepts

Learn about basic genetic concepts important to breeders, including terms like homozygous and heterozygous, kinds of genetic inheritance, and other basic terms.
Understanding Genetic Diversity and Coefficient of Inbreeding
Coi

Understanding Genetic Diversity and Coefficient of Inbreeding

If you’ve spent any time reading up on DNA testing or researching dog breeding, you’ve probably come across the terms “genetic diversity” and “coefficient of inbreeding (COI).” But you may not know what they mean...
Feline Parentage Testing Explained
Cat

Feline Parentage Testing Explained

Parentage testing is a highly accurate method of using DNA profiles to confirm pedigree in breeding cats. Optimal Selection™ Feline tests now have the option of feline parentage testing when bundled with DNA profiling.
Canine Parentage Testing Explained
Dna profiling & parentage

Canine Parentage Testing Explained

Parentage testing is a highly accurate method of using DNA profiles to confirm pedigree in breeding dogs. It requires matching DNA profiles for parent(s) and offspring to conduct the analysis.